Numerical study of transitions in lid-driven flows in shallow cavities

In this article, three dimensional (3D) lid-driven flow in shallow cavities with a unit square base are studied. The numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations modeling incompressible viscous fluid cavity is obtained via methodology combining first order accurate operator-splitting scheme, L 2 -projection Stokes solver, wave-like equation treatment advection and finite element space approximations. Numerical results cubic show good agreement those reported literature. critical Reynolds numbers (Re cr ) for having increasing oscillating amplitude (a Hopf bifurcation) different associated modes